Learning Web Pentesting With DVWA Part 6: File Inclusion
In this article we are going to go through File Inclusion Vulnerability. Wikipedia defines File Inclusion Vulnerability as: "A file inclusion vulnerability is a type of web vulnerability that is most commonly found to affect web applications that rely on a scripting run time. This issue is caused when an application builds a path to executable code using an attacker-controlled variable in a way that allows the attacker to control which file is executed at run time. A file include vulnerability is distinct from a generic directory traversal attack, in that directory traversal is a way of gaining unauthorized file system access, and a file inclusion vulnerability subverts how an application loads code for execution. Successful exploitation of a file inclusion vulnerability will result in remote code execution on the web server that runs the affected web application." There are two types of File Inclusion Vulnerabilities, LFI (Local File Inclusion) and RFI (Remote File Inclusion). Offensive Security's Metasploit Unleashed guide describes LFI and RFI as: "LFI vulnerabilities allow an attacker to read (and sometimes execute) files on the victim machine. This can be very dangerous because if the web server is misconfigured and running with high privileges, the attacker may gain access to sensitive information. If the attacker is able to place code on the web server through other means, then they may be able to execute arbitrary commands. RFI vulnerabilities are easier to exploit but less common. Instead of accessing a file on the local machine, the attacker is able to execute code hosted on their own machine." In simpler terms LFI allows us to use the web application's execution engine (say php) to execute local files on the web server and RFI allows us to execute remote files, within the context of the target web server, which can be hosted anywhere remotely (given they can be accessed from the network on which web server is running). To follow along, click on the File Inclusion navigation link of DVWA, you should see a page like this: Lets start by doing an LFI attack on the web application. Looking at the URL of the web application we can see a parameter named page which is used to load different php pages on the website. http://localhost:9000/vulnerabilities/fi/?page=include.php
Since it is loading different pages we can guess that it is loading local pages from the server and executing them. Lets try to get the famous /etc/passwd file found on every linux, to do that we have to find a way to access it via our LFI. We will start with this: entering the above payload in the page parameter of the URL: http://localhost:9000/vulnerabilities/fi/?page=../etc/passwd
we get nothing back which means the page does not exist. Lets try to understand what we are trying to accomplish. We are asking for a file named passwd in a directory named etc which is one directory up from our current working directory. The etc directory lies at the root (/) of a linux file system. We tried to guess that we are in a directory (say www) which also lies at the root of the file system, that's why we tried to go up by one directory and then move to the etc directory which contains the passwd file. Our next guess will be that maybe we are two directories deeper, so we modify our payload to be like this: we get nothing back. We continue to modify our payload thinking we are one more directory deeper. no luck again, lets try one more: nop nothing, we keep on going one directory deeper until we get seven directories deep and our payload becomes: ../../../../../../../etc/passwd
which returns the contents of passwd file as seen below: This just means that we are currently working in a directory which is seven levels deep inside the root (/) directory. It also proves that our LFI is a success. We can also use php filters to get more and more information from the server. For example if we want to get the source code of the web server we can use php wrapper filter for that like this: php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=index.php
We will get a base64 encoded string. Lets copy that base64 encoded string in a file and save it as index.php.b64 (name can be anything) and then decode it like this: cat index.php.b64 | base64 -d > index.php
We will now be able to read the web application's source code. But you maybe thinking why didn't we simply try to get index.php file without using php filter. The reason is because if we try to get a php file with LFI, the php file will be executed by the php interpreter rather than displayed as a text file. As a workaround we first encode it as base64 which the interpreter won't interpret since it is not php and thus will display the text. Next we will try to get a shell. Before php version 5.2, allow_url_include setting was enabled by default however after version 5.2 it was disabled by default. Since the version of php on which our dvwa app is running on is 5.2+ we cannot use the older methods like input wrapper or RFI to get shell on dvwa unless we change the default settings (which I won't). We will use the file upload functionality to get shell. We will upload a reverse shell using the file upload functionality and then access that uploaded reverse shell via LFI. Lets upload our reverse shell via File Upload functionality and then set up our netcat listener to listen for a connection coming from the server. Then using our LFI we will execute the uploaded reverse shell by accessing it using this url: http://localhost:9000/vulnerabilities/fi/?page=../../hackable/uploads/revshell.php
Voila! We have a shell. To learn more about File Upload Vulnerability and the reverse shell we have used here read Learning Web Pentesting With DVWA Part 5: Using File Upload to Get Shell. Attackers usually chain multiple vulnerabilities to get as much access as they can. This is a simple example of how multiple vulnerabilities (Unrestricted File Upload + LFI) can be used to scale up attacks. If you are interested in learning more about php wrappers then LFI CheetSheet is a good read and if you want to perform these attacks on the dvwa, then you'll have to enable allow_url_include setting by logging in to the dvwa server. That's it for today have fun. Leave your questions and queries in the comments below. References:- FILE INCLUSION VULNERABILITIES: https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/file-inclusion-vulnerabilities/
- php://: https://www.php.net/manual/en/wrappers.php.php
- LFI Cheat Sheet: https://highon.coffee/blog/lfi-cheat-sheet/
- File inclusion vulnerability: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_inclusion_vulnerability
- PHP 5.2.0 Release Announcement: https://www.php.net/releases/5_2_0.php
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BruteSpray: A Brute-forcer From Nmap Output And Automatically Attempts Default Creds On Found Services
About BruteSpray: BruteSpray takes nmap GNMAP/XML output or newline seperated JSONS and automatically brute-forces services with default credentials using Medusa. BruteSpray can even find non-standard ports by using the -sV inside Nmap.
BruteSpay's Installation With Debian users, the only thing you need to do is this command:
sudo apt install brutespray For Arch Linux user, you must install Medusa first: sudo pacman -S medusa And then, enter these commands to install BruteSpray: Supported Services: ssh, ftp, telnet, vnc, mssql, mysql, postgresql, rsh, imap, nntpp, canywhere, pop3, rexec, rlogin, smbnt, smtp, svn, vmauthdv, snmp. How to use BruteSpray? First do an Nmap scan with -oG nmap.gnmap or -oX nmap.xml . Command: python3 brutespray.py -h Command: python3 brutespray.py --file nmap.gnmap Command: python3 brutesrpay.py --file nmap.xml Command: python3 brutespray.py --file nmap.xml -i You can watch more details here: Examples Using Custom Wordlists:python3 brutespray.py --file nmap.gnmap -U /usr/share/wordlist/user.txt -P /usr/share/wordlist/pass.txt --threads 5 --hosts 5 Brute-Forcing Specific Services:python3 brutespray.py --file nmap.gnmap --service ftp,ssh,telnet --threads 5 --hosts 5 Specific Credentials:python3 brutespray.py --file nmap.gnmap -u admin -p password --threads 5 --hosts 5 Continue After Success:python3 brutespray.py --file nmap.gnmap --threads 5 --hosts 5 -c Use Nmap XML Output:python3 brutespray.py --file nmap.xml --threads 5 --hosts 5 Use JSON Output:python3 brutespray.py --file out.json --threads 5 --hosts 5 Interactive Mode: python3 brutespray.py --file nmap.xml -i Data Specs{"host":"127.0.0.1","port":"3306","service":"mysql"} {"host":"127.0.0.10","port":"3306","service":"mysql"} ... Changelog: Changelog notes are available at CHANGELOG.md.You might like these similar tools:
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How To Start | How To Become An Ethical Hacker
Are you tired of reading endless news stories about ethical hacking and not really knowing what that means? Let's change that! This Post is for the people that:
- Have No Experience With Cybersecurity (Ethical Hacking)
- Have Limited Experience.
- Those That Just Can't Get A Break
OK, let's dive into the post and suggest some ways that you can get ahead in Cybersecurity. I receive many messages on how to become a hacker. "I'm a beginner in hacking, how should I start?" or "I want to be able to hack my friend's Facebook account" are some of the more frequent queries. Hacking is a skill. And you must remember that if you want to learn hacking solely for the fun of hacking into your friend's Facebook account or email, things will not work out for you. You should decide to learn hacking because of your fascination for technology and your desire to be an expert in computer systems. Its time to change the color of your hat 😀
I've had my good share of Hats. Black, white or sometimes a blackish shade of grey. The darker it gets, the more fun you have.
If you have no experience don't worry. We ALL had to start somewhere, and we ALL needed help to get where we are today. No one is an island and no one is born with all the necessary skills. Period.OK, so you have zero experience and limited skills…my advice in this instance is that you teach yourself some absolute fundamentals. Let's get this party started. Hacking is identifying weakness and vulnerabilities of some system and gaining access with it. Hacker gets unauthorized access by targeting system while ethical hacker have an official permission in a lawful and legitimate manner to assess the security posture of a target system(s) There's some types of hackers, a bit of "terminology". White hat — ethical hacker. Black hat — classical hacker, get unauthorized access. Grey hat — person who gets unauthorized access but reveals the weaknesses to the company. Script kiddie — person with no technical skills just used pre-made tools. Hacktivist — person who hacks for some idea and leaves some messages. For example strike against copyright. - Skills required to become ethical hacker.
- Curosity anf exploration
- Operating System
- Fundamentals of Networking
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Linux.Agent Malware Sample - Data Stealer
Research: SentinelOne, Tim Strazzere Hiding in plain sight?Sample credit: Tim Strazzere List of files 9f7ead4a7e9412225be540c30e04bf98dbd69f62b8910877f0f33057ca153b65 malware d507119f6684c2d978129542f632346774fa2e96cf76fa77f377d130463e9c2c malware fddb36800fbd0a9c9bfffb22ce7eacbccecd1c26b0d3fb3560da5e9ed97ec14c script.decompiled-pretty ec5d4f90c91273b3794814be6b6257523d5300c28a492093e4fa1743291858dc script.decompiled-raw 4d46893167464852455fce9829d4f9fcf3cce171c6f1a9c70ee133f225444d37 script.dumped malware_a3dad000efa7d14c236c8018ad110144 malware fcbfb234b912c84e052a4a393c516c78 script.decompiled-pretty aab8ea012eafddabcdeee115ecc0e9b5 script.decompiled-raw ae0ea319de60dae6d3e0e58265e0cfcc script.dumped b30df2e63bd4f35a32f9ea9b23a6f9e7 Download
Download. Email me if you need the password
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Medusa: A Speedy, Parallel And Modular Login Brute-forcing Tool
About Medusa Medusa is a speedy, parallel, and modular, login brute-forcer. The goal is to support as many services which allow remote authentication as possible. The author considers following items as some of the key features of this application: Thread-based parallel testing. Brute-force testing can be performed against multiple hosts, users or passwords concurrently. Flexible user input. Target information (host/user/password) can be specified in a variety of ways. For example, each item can be either a single entry or a file containing multiple entries. Additionally, a combination file format allows the user to refine their target listing. Modular design. Each service module exists as an independent .mod file. This means that no modifications are necessary to the core application in order to extend the supported list of services for brute-forcing. Multiple protocols supported. Many services are currently supported (e.g. SMB, HTTP, MS-SQL, POP3, RDP, SSHv2, among others). See doc/medusa.html for Medusa documentation. For additional information: Building on macOS
#getting the source git clone https://github.com/jmk-foofus/medusa cd medusa
#macOS dependencies brew install freerdp $ export FREERDP2_CFLAGS='-I/usr/local/include' $ export FREERDP2_LIBS='-I/usr/local/lib/freerdp'
#building ./configure make
#executing
./src/medusa
Medusa's Installation Medusa is already installed on Kali Linux, Parrot Security OS, BlackArch and any other Linux distros based for security pentesting purposes. For Debian-based distro users, open your Terminal and enter this command:
sudo apt install medusa For Arch Linux-based distro users, enter this command: sudo pacman -S medusa About the author:
You might like these similar tools: Related posts
Kali Linux VM Installation And Setup
PrefaceFrom time to time I realize that certain tasks that are trivial for me are not necessarily easy for others, especially if they are just getting started with IT security stuff.
As I am going to be a Facilitator at SANS Munich 2015 on SEC 401, plus we have a few people at work who are just dipping their toe into the wonderful world of Kali Linux, it seemed like a good opportunity to make a short getting started / installation guide on the Kali VMWare VMs that you can download and quickly get started.
On top of that, when I check the statistics of the blog, I always see that the most popular posts are the detailed howtos and tutorials and I assume that it is because there is a need for this kind of posts too, so here it goes! :)
Step -1: Check in your BIOS/UEFI if virtualization is enabledWe are going to use virtualization, so it would be nice to enable it, right?
In BIOS/UEFI menus this is somewhere around "Security" and/or "Virtualization" and it is something like "Intel (R) Virtualization Technology" and "Intel (R) VT-d Feature" that needs to be set to "Enabled".
Step 0: Install VMWare Player or VMWare Workstation
The more desirable choice is to use VMWare Workstation or VMWare Fusion, as they have a Snapshot feature, while with VMWare Player, you are forced to take a full copy in order to have a sort of rollback feature.
Step 1: Download Kali VM
There are also Torrent files for the images and based on experience, using Torrent is much more faster and reliable than the HTTP download, so if you can, use that!
Once you have downloaded the VMs, do not forget to check their SHA1 hash!!! On Linux, you can simply use the sha1sum command at a terminal. For Windows, you can use something like the MD5 & SHA Checksum Utility.
Step 2: Change Kali VM default root passwordThe Kali VM comes with a preset root password, which is "toor" (without the quotes), therefore, it has to be changed.
Here is how you do it: root@kali:~# passwd Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully
Step 3: Change Kali VM default SSH keysThe Kali VM also comes with SSH preinstalled, so we need to change the SSH keys to avoid SSH MiTM attacks. Here is how you do it: root@kali:~# cd /etc/ssh/ root@kali:/etc/ssh# mkdir default_kali_keys root@kali:/etc/ssh# mv ssh_host_* default_kali_keys/ root@kali:/etc/ssh# dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server Creating SSH2 RSA key; this may take some time ... Creating SSH2 DSA key; this may take some time ... Creating SSH2 ECDSA key; this may take some time ... insserv: warning: current start runlevel(s) (empty) of script `ssh' overrides LSB defaults (2 3 4 5). insserv: warning: current stop runlevel(s) (2 3 4 5) of script `ssh' overrides LSB defaults (empty).
Now we can check if the keys are really changed:
root@kali:/etc/ssh# md5sum /etc/ssh/*key* md5sum: /etc/ssh/default_kali_keys: Is a directory 6abe210732068fa7ca95854c3078dba5 /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key 1b5f3c1a1b5c48cc3cce31b116e8b6f8 /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub 8f0f60855e5ab8cac8103d64faab090f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key aace49ae9236815c9a1672f8ecb2b1e2 /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub cf861a9f743fb4584ab246024465ddf1 /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key d5d65d8ad023a6cb1418ae05007bc6d3 /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub root@kali:/etc/ssh# md5sum /etc/ssh/default_kali_keys/*key* c8d5b82320a4ddde59d0e2b6d9aad42a /etc/ssh/default_kali_keys/ssh_host_dsa_key 6b12ddecd463677cde8097e23d0f219a /etc/ssh/default_kali_keys/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub fecf056571a3dfbf3635fc2c50bf23c5 /etc/ssh/default_kali_keys/ssh_host_ecdsa_key e44b7c50635de42e89b3297414f5047d /etc/ssh/default_kali_keys/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub e9e0267484e020878e00a9360b77d845 /etc/ssh/default_kali_keys/ssh_host_rsa_key ceee93d7bbc9f9b9706e18f23d4e81f1 /etc/ssh/default_kali_keys/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
Step 4: Update Kali VMNext you need to update your Kali VM so that everything is patched. Here is how you do it:
root@kali:~# apt-get update Get 1 http://http.kali.org kali Release.gpg [836 B] Get:2 http://security.kali.org kali/updates Release.gpg [836 B] ********************************* SNIP ********************************* Fetched 16.7 MB in 14s (1,190 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done root@kali:~# apt-get upgrade eading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages have been kept back: ********************************* SNIP ********************************* The following packages will be upgraded: ********************************* SNIP ********************************* 241 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 16 not upgraded. Need to get 740 MB of archives. After this operation, 130 MB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y Get:1 http://security.kali.org/kali-security/ kali/updates/main libc6-i386 amd64 2.13-38+deb7u7 [4,044 kB] Get:2 http://http.kali.org/kali/ kali/main base-files amd64 1:1.1.0 [77.5 kB] ********************************* SNIP ********************************* root@kali:~#
Step 5: Create a Snapshot/Copy the VMOnce you are done with all the above, you can make a Snapshot in case of VMWare Workstation or copy the files of the VM in case of VMWare Player, so that you can roll back to this clean stat in case you misconfigure something.
Hope this was helpful. Happy hacking!
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DEFINATION OF HACKING
DEFINATION OF HACKINGHacking is an attempt to exploit a computer system vulnerabilities or a private network inside a computer to gain unauthorized acess.Hacking is identifying and exploiting weakness in computer system and/ or computer networks for finding the vulnerability and loopholes. More info
Learning Web Pentesting With DVWA Part 1: Installation
In this tutorial series I'm going to walk you through the damn vulnerable web application (DVWA) which is damn vulnerable. Its main goal according to the creators is "to aid security professionals to test thier skills and tools in a legal environment, help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications and to aid both students & teachers to learn about web application security in a controlled class room environment." I am going to install DVWA in docker so the prerequisite for this tutorial will be an installation of docker (Docker is not the only way to install DVWA but if you have docker already installed then it may be the easiest way to install DVWA). To install DVWA in docker run your docker deamon if it's not running already and open a terminal or powershell and type: docker rum --rm -it -p 8080:80 vulnerables/web-dvwa
It will take some time to pull the image from docker hub depending on your internet speed and after it is complete it will start the dvwa application. In the command we have mapped the image instance's port 80 to our hosts port 8080 so we should be able to access the web application from our host at http://localhost:8080 Now open your favorite web browser and go to http://localhost:8080You should be prompted with a login screen like this: login with these creds:username: adminpassword: password After login you'll see a database setup page since this is our first run. Click on Create / Reset Database button at the bottom. It will setup database and redirect you to login page. Now login again and you'll see a welcome page. Now click on DVWA Security link at the bottom of the page navigation and make sure the security level is set to Low. If it is not click on the dropdown, select Low and then click submit.
Now our setup is complete, so lets try a simple SQL attack to get a taste of whats about to come. Click on SQL Injection in navigation menu.You'll be presented with a small form which accepts User ID.Enter a single quote (') in the User ID input field and click Submit.You'll see an SQL error like this: From the error message we can determine that the server has a MariaDB database and we can see the point of injection.Since there are many quotes we are not able to determine the exact location of our injection. Lets add some text after our single quote to see exactly where our injection point is.Now I am going to enter 'khan in the User ID field and click Submit. Now we can see exactly where the point of injection is. Determining the point of injection is very important for a successful SQL injection and is sometimes very hard too, though it might not be that much useful here in this exercise. Now lets try the very basic SQL Injection attack.In the User ID field enter ' or 1=1-- - and click Submit. We will explain what is going on here in the next article.
References:-1. DVWA Official Website: http://www.dvwa.co.uk/More info
How To Install And Config Modlishka Tool - Most Advance Reverse Proxy Phishing
Best Hacking Tools
MOST USEFUL HACKING TOOL1-Nmap-Network Mapper is popular and free open source hacker's tool.It is mainly used for discovery and security auditing.It is used for network inventory,inspect open ports manage service upgrade, as well as to inspect host or service uptime.Its advantages is that the admin user can monitor whether the network and associated nodes require patching.2-Haschat-It is the self-proclaimed world's fastest password recovery tool. It is designed to break even the most complex password. It is now released as free software for Linux, OS X, and windows.
3-Metasploit-It is an extremely famous hacking framework or pentesting. It is the collection of hacking tools used to execute different tasks. It is a computer severity framework which gives the necessary information about security vulnerabilities. It is widely used by cyber security experts and ethical hackers also.4-Acutenix Web Vulnerability Scanner- It crawls your website and monitor your web application and detect dangerous SQL injections.This is used for protecting your business from hackers.
5-Aircrack-ng - This tool is categorized among WiFi hacking tool. It is recommended for beginners who are new to Wireless Specefic Program. This tool is very effective when used rightly.
6-Wireshark-It is a network analyzer which permit the the tester to captyre packets transffering through the network and to monitor it. If you would like to become a penetration tester or cyber security expert it is necessary to learn how to use wireshark. It examine networks and teoubleshoot for obstacle and intrusion.
7-Putty-Is it very beneficial tool for a hacker but it is not a hacking tool. It serves as a client for Ssh and Telnet, which can help to connect computer remotely. It is also used to carry SSH tunneling to byepass firewalls. So, this is also one of the best hacking tools for hackers.
8-THC Hydra- It is one of the best password cracker tools and it consist of operative and highly experienced development team. It is the fast and stable Network Login Hacking Tools that will use dictonary or bruteforce attack to try various combination of passwords against in a login page.This Tool is also very useful for facebook hacking , instagram hacking and other social media platform as well as computer folder password hacking.
9-Nessus-It is a proprietary vulnerability scanner developed by tennable Network Security. Nessus is the world's most popular vulnerability scanner according to the surveys taking first place in 2000,2003,2006 in security tools survey.
10-Ettercap- It is a network sniffing tool. Network sniffing is a computer tool that monitors,analyse and defend malicious attacks with packet sniffing enterprise can keep track of network flow.
11-John the Ripper-It is a free famous password cracking pen testing tool that is used to execute dictionary attacks. It is initially developed for Unix OS. The Ripper has been awarded for having a good name.This tools can also be used to carry out different modifications to dictionary attacks.
12-Burp Suite- It is a network vulnerability scanner,with some advance features.It is important tool if you are working on cyber security.
13-Owasp Zed Attack Proxy Project-ZAP and is abbreviated as Zed Attack Proxy is among popular OWASP project.It is use to find vulnerabilities in Web Applications.This hacking and penetesting tool is very easy to use as well as very efficient.OWASP community is superb resource for those people that work with Cyber Security.
14-Cain & Abel-It is a password recovery tool for Microsoft Operating System. It allow easy recovery of various kinds of passwords by sniffing the networks using dictonary attacks.
15-Maltego- It is a platform that was designed to deliver an overall cyber threat pictures to the enterprise or local environment in which an organisation operates. It is used for open source intelligence and forensics developed by Paterva.It is an interactive data mining tool.These are the Best Hacking Tools and Application Which are very useful for penetration testing to gain unauthorized access for steal crucial data, wi-fi hacking , Website hacking ,Vulnerability Scanning and finding loopholes,Computer hacking, Malware Scanning etc.This post is only for educational purpose to know about top hacking tools which are very crucial for a hacker to gain unauthorized access. We are not responsible for any type of crime.
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Brutality: A Fuzzer For Any GET Entries
Brutalitys' Features- Multi-threading on demand.
- Fuzzing, bruteforcing GET params.
- Find admin panels.
- Colored output.
- Hide results by return code, word numbers.
- Proxy support.
- Big wordlist.
Screenshots:Brutality's InstalltionHow to use Brutality?Examples: Use default wordlist with 5 threads (-t 5) and hide 404 messages (–e 404) to fuzz the given URL (http://192.168.1.1/FUZZ):python brutality.py -u 'http://192.168.1.1/FUZZ' -t 5 -e 404 Use common_pass.txt wordlist (-f ./wordlist/common_pass.txt), remove response with 6969 length (-r 6969) and proxy at 127.0.0.1:8080 (-p http://127.0.0.1:8080) to fuzz the given URL (http://192.168.1.1/brute.php?username=admin&password=FUZZ&submit=submit#):python brutality.py -u 'http://192.168.1.1/brute.php?username=admin&password=FUZZ&submit=submit#' -f ./wordlist/common_pass.txt -r 6969 -p http://127.0.0.1:8080 ToDo List:- Smooth output.
- Export file report.
- Modularization.
More info
Kali Linux 2018.3 Release - Penetration Testing And Ethical Hacking Linux Distribution
Kali 2018.3 brings the kernel up to version 4.17.0 and while 4.17.0 did not introduce many changes, 4.16.0 had a huge number of additions and improvements including more Spectre and Meltdown fixes, improved power management, and better GPU support.
New Tools and Tool Upgrades Since our last release, we have added a number of new tools to the repositories, including:- idb – An iOS research / penetration testing tool
- gdb-peda – Python Exploit Development Assistance for GDB
- datasploit – OSINT Framework to perform various recon techniques
- kerberoast – Kerberos assessment tools
Download Kali Linux 2018.3
If you would like to check out this latest and greatest Kali release, you can find download links for ISOs and Torrents on the Kali Downloads page along with links to the Offensive Security virtual machine and ARM images, which have also been updated to 2018.3. If you already have a Kali installation you're happy with, you can easily upgrade in place as follows. root@kali:~# apt update && apt -y full-upgrade
If you come across any bugs in Kali, please open a report on our bug tracker. It's more than a little challenging to fix what we don't know about.
Making sure you are up-to-date
root@kali:~# cat</etc/apt/sources.list deb http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib EOF root@kali:~#
Then after running apt -y full-upgrade, you may require a reboot before checking: root@kali:~# grep VERSION /etc/os-release VERSION="2018.3" VERSION_ID="2018.3" root@kali:~#
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